![]() ![]() The clinical features noted in patients with bacterial overgrowth are listed in Table II. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) Signs and Symptoms. "Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) Signs and Symptoms". Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report: What Causes Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)?.Fibromyalgia and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO).Thus, empirical antibiotic therapy is not an ideal test for SIBO despite hitting the jackpot, figuratively speaking, in a few cases. The widespread use of antibiotics for such nonspecific findings may cause unnecessary antibiotic resistance to emerge, as well as predisposing to Clostridium difficile colitis. Secondly, the lack of response does not rule out the diagnosis, but may give rise to adverse effects without any benefit. For one thing, a response could be due to a reduction in pathogenic colonic flora as well as overgrown small intestinal bacteria. Many physicians resort to prescribing antibiotics on an empirical basis in these patients, but this may often be counterproductive. The nonspecific nature of most signs and symptoms means that many alternative diagnoses have to be kept in mind, and testing is typically required to make a diagnosis with confidence. Protein malabsorption also occurs due to consumption by bacteria, but in some cases, flattening of the brush border leads to protein-losing enteropathy.Ītrophic gastritis may be a risk factor in precipitating cobalamin deficiency, which can lead to severe polyneuropathies, because of competitive absorption of cobalamin by bacteria in the upper intestine. Malabsorption of carbohydrates can result from sugars being digested in the gut lumen by bacteria, along with secondary disaccharidase deficiency, because of damage to the brush border. This may account for pallor and fatigability in patients with SIBO. ![]() ![]() Iron deficiency can also occur, which may result in macrocytic or microcytic anemia. In prolonged multi-nutrient deficiency, neuropathies, retinopathies, and T-cell defects are observed. However, this is very rare as the vitamin K level is rarely reduced, because it is synthesized by luminal bacteria. Vitamin K reduction may prolong bleeding times. The former presents with a softening of the bones, while the latter has muscle spasms that occur intermittently. In a few very severe cases the vitamin A deficiency may cause night blindness, while that of vitamin D may result in osteomalacia or tetany. The severity and frequency of these symptoms are likely to be related to the intensity of bacterial overgrowth and resulting mucosal inflammation. However, this is rarely the case, and therefore most diagnoses are based on the overall clinical findings. The classical picture of SIBO comprises steatorrhea, abdominal bloating, and weight loss. Diarrhea, which is very often watery in nature.SIBO causes symptoms that are common to many gastrointestinal disorders. Image Credit: Brian A Jackson / Shutterstock Symptoms ![]()
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